Senegal has a constitution that clearly stipulates respect for fundamental freedoms, including freedom of association and assembly. It emphasises the separation of powers, although the executive branch is notably dominant and tends to interfere with the judiciary and the legislature.
As a stable country with a long democratic tradition, civil society is very active and remains diverse, working on a wide range of issues, from human rights and democracy to contributing to and monitoring economic and social development policies. However, the hope generated by the democratic transition in March 2024 is giving way to doubt due to the resurgence of previously condemned practices, such as the arrests of journalists and columnists, detention orders issued for minor offences, and the public prosecutor’s submission to the orders of the executive, particularly the Ministry of Justice, as well as delays in implementing reforms to strengthen the justice system, fundamental freedoms and transparency.
However, the National Assembly’s passing of laws on access to information, the status and protection of whistleblowers, and the fight against corruption in August 2025 opens up prospects for accountability and open governance whilst helping to improve the enabling environment for civil society organisations (CSOs). Additionally, the amended Law No. 04/2026 establishing the National Media Regulatory Council (CNRM) is set to redefine the regulatory framework for Senegal’s media landscape in the digital age, including the print media and social media, whilst safeguarding freedom of expression and citizens’ right to information.
Despite the challenges relating to access to information, digital services and rights, digital connectivity, privacy, freedom of expression and funding, CSOs are active across all sectors, including political and economic governance. Their work takes place against a backdrop where freedom of expression and the responsibility of internet users for the dissemination of unverified information are at the heart of public debate.
Despite the escalating climate of mistrust amongst political actors – which reduces debates to essentially ‘politicking’ – civil society is endeavouring to fulfil its role of monitoring developments, particularly with a view to strengthening the protection of civic space, and raising alarm where necessary. Its participation in the various forums for dialogue, mediation and consultation on public policy remains a remarkable dynamic, appreciated by all stakeholders.
