Jamaica’s democratic framework provides a solid foundation for civil society, yet systemic challenges undermine its potential to fully enable CSO operations. The 2011 Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms establishes clear protections for civic freedoms, but their practical application is inconsistent, particularly for organisations addressing contentious issues like police reform, anti-corruption, and environmental justice. The baseline snapshot notes that public officials’ hostile rhetoric, such as labelling CSOs as “criminal enablers” or “political”, has intensified, creating a chilling effect on advocacy.
The constitutional review process by the Joint Select Committee represented a critical opportunity to strengthen democratic institutions, but the lack of effective inclusion of CSO input signalled a lack of genuine collaboration. In 2024/25, CSOs submitted detailed recommendations on constitutional amendments, yet none were invited to present in person, and there is no evidence of their contributions shaping the process.
Enabling principles scores
Enabling principles scores
Meaningful civil society input is compounded by legislative barriers, such as the misuse of the Data Protection Act to deny information requests, which limits CSOs’ ability to monitor government actions. Economic pressures also challenge the enabling environment. The reduction in international funding due to global priorities shifting toward conflict zones like Ukraine and Gaza has strained CSO operations, particularly for smaller organisations serving marginalised communities. Rural CSOs face additional hurdles due to limited resources and digital access, exacerbating urban-rural disparities.
There is a need for inclusive dialogue, legal reforms, and public education to counter these challenges. Strengthening state-CSO partnerships, enhancing transparency through the Access to Information Act, and addressing divisive rhetoric are critical to fostering a supportive environment for civil society as Jamaica navigates this pivotal electoral period.
