The enabling environment for civil society in Indonesia remained constrained amid continued tensions following nationwide protests that erupted at the end of 2025. Demonstrations triggered by economic grievances and political controversies resulted in mass arrests and allegations of excessive force by security forces. Human rights organisations report that thousands of protesters were detained during the unrest.
Concerns over civic freedoms intensified with the enforcement of the new Criminal Code (KUHP) in January 2026. Several provisions criminalising insults against state institutions have raised fears among civil society organisations that criticism of public officials could increasingly lead to criminal prosecution.
At the same time, threats against activists remain a concern. In March 2026, a human rights activist suffered a severe acid attack after criticising the expanding role of the military in civilian affairs. The incident prompted widespread condemnation from civil society groups and international observers.
Despite these challenges, civil society organisations continue to advocate on issues such as human rights protection, democratic accountability, environmental governance, and social justice, while seeking to maintain civic participation and public debate.
