Event Summary
Between 25 and 29 August 2025, large-scale protests took place across Indonesia, prompting a heavy police crackdown starting September 1. Over 3,000 protesters from various backgrounds, including activists, students, academics, and ordinary citizens have been arrested, and there have been reports of at least 10 deaths and numerous injuries. Authorities have also conducted sweeps beyond protest sites, detaining people in their homes and communities. Among those detained were Delpedro Marhaen (Executive Director of the Lokataru Foundation), Mujaffar Salim, Syahdan Husein, and Khariq Anhar, who were accused of inciting violence and encouraging protests. Several others were arrested for social media activities, such as promoting protests or making controversial videos. In addition, some protesters continue to be missing, and there were reports of digital threats and doxing.
The arrests and repression by the authorities have raised concerns about the shrinking of civic space in Indonesia. Activists and civil society groups have been advocating for the release of detainees, with some protesters going on hunger strikes in protest. The government has not effectively addressed the excessive use of force against demonstrators, and no significant measures have been taken to hold law enforcement accountable.
This crackdown on free expression, mass arrests, and surveillance is seen as a growing trend that suppresses opposition and political speech, furthering authoritarian tendencies in the country. The repression has had a “chilling effect” on public participation and dissent, increasing political exclusion and polarization, and eroding confidence in democratic institutions. The criminalization of activists and peaceful protesters poses a threat to civil society, undermining the right to free speech and assembly.