Disclaimer: This page refers to content related to the enabling environment for civil society only within Israel. It does not cover the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

Israel is a democratic state with vibrant civil society, but the current right-wing government is working to narrow democratic space through far-reaching changes to the legal system, academia, media, bureaucracy and civil society. Presented by supporters as “legal reform” and by opponents as a “regime coup,” these moves seek to expand executive and legislative power and alter checks and balances amid a prolonged war, public protest and fierce debate.

Despite this context, CSOs from different sectors continue to act in the public sphere. Demonstrations, protest, criticism of the government, civic organising and public advocacy remain possible. Freedom of expression, association and protest are not explicitly anchored in a dedicated Basic Law, but are recognised as fundamental rights through other laws and judicial interpretation.

Most CSOs operate under the Associations Law and Companies Law, alongside rules on funding, tax benefits, transparency, accessibility, data security and digital activity. Israel has around 22,000 active registered CSOs, plus many unregistered groups. CSOs account for 5% of GDP and employ over 10% of the workforce.

Dialogue with government continues, especially in less political areas, but polarisation has affected its depth and frequency. CSOs generally have good digital access, though online discourse is often intolerant, cyberattacks are a concern, and Palestinian citizens feel less protected. Civil society remains central amid political polarisation and security instability.

Network Member:
Shatil