The enabling environment for civil society in Somalia remains highly constrained, despite the existence of constitutional guarantees and ongoing reform efforts. Civic space continues to be characterised by restrictions on freedoms of expression, association, and assembly, alongside limited state responsiveness and weak protection mechanisms for civil society actors and journalists. Legal frameworks governing civil society remain fragmented and outdated, with no significant progress in enacting key legislation, while administrative barriers and political pressures continue to hinder independent civic action.
Access to sustainable financial resources remains a critical challenge, as civil society organisations (CSOs) continue to rely heavily on external donors amid declining funding and limited domestic support. The digital environment, while expanding, presents both opportunities and risks, with weak enforcement of data protection laws and growing concerns over surveillance and online harassment.
Recent developments indicate little improvement in the overall environment, with persistent structural and political constraints shaping civic space. However, opportunities exist through digital engagement, civic initiatives, and potential reform processes. Strengthening legal protections, improving funding sustainability, enhancing digital security, and fostering inclusive state–civil society engagement will be essential to advancing a more enabling environment in Somalia.
