Since the outbreak of war between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) on 15 April 2023, Sudan’s enabling environment for civil society has drastically deteriorated. The conflict has severely restricted civic space, with both warring parties imposing movement constraints, internet shutdowns and targeted attacks on activists and humanitarian workers.

CSOs, particularly those working on human rights, peacebuilding and humanitarian aid, face extreme risks. Many have been forced to suspend operations or relocate due to violence, office looting and direct threats. The RSF has been accused of harassing and detaining activists, while SAF-controlled areas impose bureaucratic obstacles that restrict independent CSOs. Restrictive NGO laws continue to suppress dissent, with authorities requiring excessive documentation for registration and funding approvals.

Despite these challenges, Sudanese civil society has shown remarkable resilience. Local resistance committees, women’s groups and emergency response rooms continue to provide critical aid, document abuses and advocate for peace, although funding shortages and insecurity limit their work.

The war has pushed CSOs from long-term advocacy toward emergency relief, while internet blackouts and censorship further restrict mobilisation and reporting. Without a ceasefire, legal protections for civic freedoms and a return to civilian governance, civil society will remain severely constrained.

Network Member:
Sudan Defenders